Published by: Ingrid King. Last Updated on: February 9, 2023 by Crystal Uys
Bad breath in cats is almost always an indicator of a health problem. While some odor, as a reflection of a cat’s normal diet, is to be expected, bad breath and unusual odors are a cause for concern, and require a visit to the veterinarian. The most common cause for bad breath is dental disease, but bad breath can also be an indicator of kidney disease, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease or diabetes.
Dental disease
The most common cause of bad breath is caused by a build-up of bacteria on the cat’s teeth and gums, also known as periodontal disease or gingivitis. Dental disease is the most frequently diagnosed health problem for cats. According to the American Veterinary Dental Society, an astounding 70 percent of cats show signs of oral disease by age 3.
By the time a cat owner notices bad breath, dental disease may already be quite advanced. The inflammation and infection associated with periodontal disease can lead to damage to other organs such as the heart, kidney and liver, and lead to other serious health problems. Dental disease can also be an indicator of immune system disorders.
Bad breath can also be an early indicator of oral cancer.
Kidney disease
A urine or ammonia-like smell may be an indicator of kidney disease. This is caused by an increase of toxin levels as the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products declines.
Liver and gastrointestinal disease
A foul odor, often associated with vomiting, may be an indicator of liver or gastrointestinal disease. This may be caused if the liver cannot filter waste products, by an enlargement of the esophageal tube, which leads from the throat to the stomach, as well as a number of other conditions.
Diabetes
An unusually fruity or sweet smell may be a sign of diabetes. This is caused when the body is releasing ketones, which happens when it is unable to properly utilize sugar. Usually, cat owners will also notice increased thrist and urination in cats who have fruity smelling breath.
Diagnosis
Diagnostic procedures may involve a full dental check up, x-rays and blood work such as a full blood chemistry and blood count.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on what is causing the problem. If dental disease is present, treatment will include a professional cleaning under anesthesia, and possibly extraction of diseased teeth. Depending on the severity of the dental disease, antibiotics or other medications may be used to help control the bacteria that infect the gums and oral tissues. If the problem is another underlying disease, treatment appropriate for the condition will be required.
Not all cases of bad breath indicate a health problem, but consistent halitosis requires a visit to the veterinarian.
This article was previously published on Answers.com and is republished with permission.
About the author
Ingrid King is an award-winning author, former veterinary hospital manager, and veterinary journalist who is passionate about cats.
We have a three month old kitten, whose breath is so bad you can smell it from the other side of the couch. I recently switched the food, thinking that may be a cause. I think she is too young to have stomatitis, but I am starting to wonder if she has some other infection. Occasionally she will “hack” like she’s trying to cough up a hairball, although she is short-haired, and nothing comes out. I’m wondering if it could be possible she has some type of infection or something in her stomach/esophagus that is causing the smell.
I would take her to the vet as soon as possible, Whitney. She’s awfully young for dental issues, and I’d be concerned about a potentially serious intestinal issue.
Thank you for the post. Enjoy your week.
When I adopted her, My dear Suzie had such strong bad breath I could smell it when she groomed herself across the bed. Cause- stomatitis. Vet removed all her teeth except the fangs. She’s healed and doing much better
I noticed about a year and a half ago my cats breath was
Really bad. She was diagnosed with stomatitis. I have been to about 3 different Vets and the first one extracted 2 back teeth. Then the second Vet gave her a shot of prednisone and antibiotics every month for ten days. Now I moved to a different state, took her to a vet up here and he recommended taking out 8 of her teeth. Back teeth, no guarantee of course and about $2,000. Any thoughts?????? She eats fine and she’s also still on antibiotics. I don’t want her to be in pain down the road or wait till something gets bad. Please help. Thank you
Full mouth extraction will resolve stomatitis in many cases and is the “gold standard” for treating this painful condition. Here’s more information: https://consciouscat.net/2012/02/13/stomatitis-painful-for-cats-frustrating-for-guardians-and-veterinarians/